{"id":71147,"date":"2021-04-14T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-14T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/?p=71147"},"modified":"2024-10-09T15:45:03","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T19:45:03","slug":"how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Merge PDF Files in the Linux Terminal"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/canva-how-to-merge-pdf-files-in-linux-1024x538.jpg\" alt=\"How to Merge PDF Files in the Linux Terminal - 4 Options\" class=\"wp-image-71146\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/canva-how-to-merge-pdf-files-in-linux-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/canva-how-to-merge-pdf-files-in-linux-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/canva-how-to-merge-pdf-files-in-linux-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/canva-how-to-merge-pdf-files-in-linux.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1360px) 876px, (min-width: 960px) calc(61.58vw + 51px), calc(100vw - 80px)\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Working with contracts and other legal documents gets easier once you know how to digitally sign and edit PDFs. It can simply become a minor inconvenience once you know how to merge PDF files in the Linux terminal or any free graphical application. Then, you\u2019re not stuck <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/website\/how-to-add-a-pdf-file-to-your-website\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">adding multiple PDFs to your website<\/a>, annoying your readers and business partners as a result.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/libreoffice-draw-pdf-export.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"739\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/libreoffice-draw-pdf-export.png\" alt=\"How to merge PDF files in Libre Office Draw\" class=\"wp-image-71145\" style=\"width:370px;height:245px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/libreoffice-draw-pdf-export.png 739w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/libreoffice-draw-pdf-export-300x199.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1360px) 876px, (min-width: 960px) calc(61.58vw + 51px), calc(100vw - 80px)\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>A lot of desktop and online options show in search engine results for \u201chow to merge two PDF files.\u201d Some of the most popular, reputable applications:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/acrobat.adobe.com\/us\/en\/acrobat\/pdf-reader.html#tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Adobe Acrobat Reader<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foxit.com\/merge-pdf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Foxit Merge PDF<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.libreoffice.org\/discover\/draw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LibreOffice Draw<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/code-industry.net\/masterpdfeditor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Master PDF Editor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pdfzorro.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PDFZorro<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Problem is that none of those above are free, light-weight, private, <em>and<\/em> fitting answers for how to merge PDF files in the Linux server command line interface (CLI). Below we\u2019ll cover:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#how\">How to Merge PDF Files in the Linux Terminal<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#convert\">Convert ImageMagick Tool<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#ghostscript\">Ghostscript<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#pdfunite\">PDFunite<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#pdftk\">PDFtk (PDF Toolkit)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"jumbotron\">\r\n<p>If you don\u2019t need cPanel, don't pay for it. Only pay for what you need with our scalable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/cloud-vps\">Cloud VPS Hosting<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>CentOS, Debian, or Ubuntu    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>No Bloatware    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>SSH and Root Access<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how\">How to Merge PDF Files in the Linux Terminal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list article_list\">\n<li>First, open a Linux terminal. If working on a Linux server, <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/ssh\/how-to-login-ssh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">log into SSH<\/a>. cPanel server administrators can use <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/edu\/cpanel\/how-to-launch-the-cpanel-terminal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cPanel Terminal<\/a> or <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/edu\/whm\/how-to-open-a-terminal-connection-in-whm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WebHost Manager (WHM) Terminal<\/a>. <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/amp\/obtain-root-access\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Root access<\/a> won\u2019t matter in most cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These commands are easier when you don\u2019t have to repeatedly type full file paths from your home directory. If all or most PDF files are in the same directory, navigate to that directory with the <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/using-the-linux-cd-command\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><code>cd<\/code> command<\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Before installing a PDF merger below, check if you already have a PDF editor installed. Type <code>pdf<\/code> and press <kbd>Tab<\/kbd> twice to see what programs are listed. If anything shows up, check the manual to learn what it does: <pre>man pdfapplication<\/pre><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"convert\">Convert ImageMagick Tool<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/website\/is-imagemagick-installed-on-the-servers\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>ImageMagick<\/strong><\/a> is installed on all InMotion cPanel servers. Primarily for image optimization, ImageMagick includes a conversion tool that can merge PDFs: <code>convert<\/code>. Type the program command, original PDFs in the order to be merged, then the filename for the final, merged PDF file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">convert file1.pdf file2.pdf mergedfile.pdf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"alert alert-warning\">You may receive the following error on a cPanel server- <code>convert: unable to access configure file `delegates.xml' @ warning\/configure.c\/GetConfigureOptions\/677.<\/code> If so, run <code>convert<\/code> by itself. If that returns info about using the tool, your cPanel server administrator may have set your user to a <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/edu\/cpanel\/managing-shell-access\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">jailed shell<\/a> for better security, removing your access to the ImageMagick delegates.xml file. We recommend trying GhostScript (below) before asking for normal shell access.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To merge specific pages from PDFs, specify the pages starting from 0. For example, to merge pages 1-2 of a PDF with a second file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">convert file1.pdf[0-1] file2.pdf mergedfile.pdf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Install ImageMagick on CentOS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo yum install ImageMagick<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Install ImageMagick on Debian \/ Ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo apt install imagemagick<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn more about how to convert and resize files with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/edu\/software\/using-imagemagick\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ImageMagick<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ghostscript\">Ghostscript<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ghostscript.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Ghostscript<\/strong><\/a> is installed on InMotion cPanel servers, CentOS cloud servers, and many desktop Linux distros. It is a versatile CLI app for manipulating PDF, XPS, and PostScript files. We\u2019ll use <code>-dNOPAUSE<\/code> to disable continuation prompts at the end of each page. The <code>-sDEVICE<\/code> attribute designates the output device or function. You can see the full list with <code>gs -h<\/code> command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOUTPUTFILE=mergedfile.pdf -dBATCH file1.pdf file2.pdf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Install Ghostscript on CentOS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo yum install ghostscript<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Install Ghostscript on Debian \/ Ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo apt-get install ghostscript<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pdfunite\">PDFunite<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>pdfunite<\/code>, by <a href=\"https:\/\/poppler.freedesktop.org\/\">Poppler<\/a>, is natively installed on Ubuntu-based Mint Cinnamon and Arch-based Manjaro. The command format is the same as the convert tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">pdfunite file1.pdf file2.pdf mergedfile.pdf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Install PDFunite on CentOS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo dnf install poppler-utils<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Install PDF on Debian \/ Ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo apt install poppler-utils<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pdftk\">PDFtk (PDF Toolkit)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pdflabs.com\/tools\/pdftk-the-pdf-toolkit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>The PDF Toolkit<\/strong><\/a> has graphical and paid options. The format is a little different for PDFtk. You must add \u201ccat output\u201d between the original PDFs and the new PDF file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">pdftk file1.pdf file2.pdf cat output mergedfile.pdf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>See official documentation to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pdflabs.com\/docs\/install-pdftk-on-redhat-or-centos\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">install PDFtk on CentOS 6<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To install PDFtk on CentOS 7, read more about libgcj dependency issues and possible solutions from a <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/documentcloud\/docsplit\/issues\/123\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">docsplit GitHub thread<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Install PDFtk on <a href=\"https:\/\/packages.debian.org\/buster\/pdftk-java\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Debian<\/a> \/ Ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo apt install pdftk-java<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn more from our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/cloud-server\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cloud Server Hosting Product Guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Working with contracts and other legal documents gets easier once you know how to digitally sign and edit PDFs. It can simply become a minor inconvenience once you know how to merge PDF files in the Linux terminal or any free graphical application. Then, you\u2019re not stuck adding multiple PDFs to your website, annoying your<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/\"> Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57014,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4308],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Merge PDF Files in the Linux Terminal (4 Easy Options) | InMotion Hosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PDF editing isn\u2019t always difficult. Learn how to merge PDF files in the Linux terminal without installing additional software.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Merge PDF Files in the Linux Terminal (4 Easy Options) | InMotion Hosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PDF editing isn\u2019t always difficult. Learn how to merge PDF files in the Linux terminal without installing additional software.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"InMotion Hosting Support Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/inmotionhosting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-14T13:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-09T19:45:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/canva-how-to-merge-pdf-files-in-linux.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"InMotion Hosting Contributor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/InMotionHosting\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@InMotionHosting\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"InMotion Hosting Contributor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"InMotion Hosting Contributor\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/#\/schema\/person\/f9a4fc454cd1df128ee8e898d30d4644\"},\"headline\":\"How to Merge PDF Files in the Linux Terminal\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-14T13:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-09T19:45:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/\"},\"wordCount\":601,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/canva-how-to-merge-pdf-files-in-linux-1024x538.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Linux\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/\",\"name\":\"How to Merge PDF Files in the Linux Terminal (4 Easy Options) | InMotion Hosting\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/how-to-merge-pdf-files-linux\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/canva-how-to-merge-pdf-files-in-linux-1024x538.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-14T13:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-09T19:45:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"PDF editing isn\u2019t always difficult. 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