{"id":68281,"date":"2021-02-05T09:14:29","date_gmt":"2021-02-05T14:14:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/?p=68281"},"modified":"2023-12-22T15:06:33","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T20:06:33","slug":"vim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/ssh\/vim\/","title":{"rendered":"VIM Text Editor (Basics)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vim.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Vim<\/strong><\/a> is the successor of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vim.org\/viusers.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>vi<\/strong><\/a> terminal text editor with a long list of powerful features. Short for \u201cVi IMproved,\u201d Vim is sometimes pre-installed on popular, staple <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/linux\/understanding-linux-operating-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Linux distributions<\/a> such as CentOS and Debian. For others including <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxmint.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Linux Mint<\/a>, you might instead have the original <strong>vi<\/strong> or <strong>vim.tiny<\/strong>, a slimmed down variant of Vim excluding dozens of advanced, yet less commonly used features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In an earlier article, we compared <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/edu\/emacs\/choosing-emacs-vs-vim\/\">Vim versus Emacs<\/a> and how to port Vim key bindings into Emacs. Power users looking to move away from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/ssh\/how-to-edit-files-using-nano\/\">Nano<\/a> in the command-line interface (CLI), or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/ssh\/what-is-shell-access\/\">Secure Shell (SSH)<\/a>, may have found a resolution with Vim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Below we\u2019ll cover the basics of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#use\">How to Use Vim<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#normal\">Normal Mode<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#insert\">Insert Mode<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#replace\">Replace Mode<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#visual\">Visual Mode<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#command\">Command Mode<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#config\">How to Configure Vim<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#tutorial\">Vim Tutorials<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#vimtutor\">Vimtutor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#rtorr\">Vim Cheat Sheet<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#vimadventures\">VIM Adventures<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#book\">The Linux Command Line Book<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"alert alert-info\">Before using Vim, be sure that you know how to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/ssh\/navigate-command-line\/\">navigate the command line structure in SSH<\/a> so that you can get to the right files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"use\">How to Use Vim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/ssh\/how-to-login-ssh\/\">SSH into your Linux server<\/a>. To edit or create a file, type the following command:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">vim filename<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"814\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/vim-empty.png\" class=\"optimized-lcp-image\" alt=\"Empty text file in Vim\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/vim-empty.png 814w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/vim-empty-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/vim-empty-768x440.png 768w\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we\u2019ll cover the multiple Vim <em>modes<\/em>: insert, replace, visual, command, and normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"normal\">Normal Mode<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the default mode when you first open a file with Vim. In this mode, you can move the cursor with the arrow keys or Vim key bindings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move left: <kbd>\u2b05<\/kbd> or <kbd>H<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move down: <kbd>\u2b07<\/kbd> or <kbd>J<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move up: <kbd>\u2b06<\/kbd> or <kbd>K<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move right: <kbd>\u27a1<\/kbd> or <kbd>L<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Navigate words:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move to start of previous word: <kbd>B<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move to start of previous word before a whitespace: <kbd>Shift<\/kbd>+ <kbd>B<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move to end of word: <kbd>E<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move to end of word before a whitespace:\u00a0 <kbd>Shift<\/kbd> + <kbd>E<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move to start of next word: <kbd>W<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move to start of next word after a whitespace: <kbd>Shift<\/kbd> + <kbd>W<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Navigate lines:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move to the start of the current line: <kbd>0<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Move to the end of the current line: <kbd>$<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Copy, cut, and paste:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Copy text: <kbd>Y<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Copy a line: <code>yy<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cut text: <kbd>D<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cut a line: <code>dd<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Paste text: <kbd>P<\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"insert\">Vim Insert Mode<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the most common mode as it allows you to insert text in a document. To enter this mode:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Press <kbd>I<\/kbd> or <kbd>Insert<\/kbd> to insert text at the cursor location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Press <kbd>O<\/kbd> to create a new line below the cursor location and insert text there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While in Insert Mode, the bottom of the terminal will read <code>-- INSERT --<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Press <kbd>Esc<\/kbd> to return from to Normal mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"replace\">Replace Mode<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This mode allows you to replace individual or multiple characters at once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Press <kbd>R<\/kbd> to replace a single character in the file. There will be an <code>r<\/code> in the lower-right corner until you replace a character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Press <kbd>Shift<\/kbd> + <kbd>R<\/kbd> to replace multiple characters or lines within the file. Meanwhile, the bottom of the file will read <code>-- REPLACE --<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"visual\">Visual Mode<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This mode selects text starting from the current cursor position. This may be a more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/website\/6-ways-to-improve-website-accessibility\/\">accessible<\/a> method for easily copying text for some users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Press <kbd>V<\/kbd> to select individual characters starting from the current cursor position. At the bottom you\u2019ll see <br> <code>-- VISUAL --<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Press <kbd>Shift<\/kbd> + <kbd>V<\/kbd> to select full lines including the current cursor position. At the bottom you\u2019ll see<br> <code>-- VISUAL LINE --<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"command\">Command Mode<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Commands start with <code>:<\/code> and are executed with <kbd>Enter<\/kbd>. Just as with returning to Normal mode, you can exit out by pressing <kbd>Esc<\/kbd>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Save changes: <code>:w<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exit Vim without saving changes: <code>:q!<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Save changes and exit Vim: <code>:qw<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Save changes and exit Vim, enter one of the following: <code>:x<\/code> or <code>:wq<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quit Vim without saving the file, enter <code>:q<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To force an action, add <code>!<\/code> to the end of the command. For example, <code>:q!<\/code> or <code>:wq!<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open a second document in the terminal with a vertical split: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">:vsplit path-to-file<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"config\">How to Configure Vim<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sysadmins can make system-wide changes to Vim environments within the system vimrc files (\/etc\/vim\/vimrc or \/usr\/share\/vim\/vimrc). Users can customize their personal Vim environment by creating a <code>~\/.vimrc<\/code> file. We\u2019ll share some notable features you can uncomment or add in system or personal vimrc files respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enable syntax highlighting:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">syntax on<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Show matching brackets while coding:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">set showmatch<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Enable mouse usage in all modes:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">set mouse=a<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tutorial\">Vim Tutorials<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Want to learn more about Vim? Prefer hands-on training? Check out these resources below for interactive learning and advanced features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vimtutor\">Vimtutor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vimtutor works as an extension of <code>man vim<\/code> with lessons to walk you through how to use Vim commands. Start the tutorial with the command <code>vimtutor<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rtorr\">Vim Cheat Sheet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Check out the <a href=\"https:\/\/vim.rtorr.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rtorr Vim cheat sheet<\/a> for when you\u2019re on the go. It\u2019s available in multiple languages and on <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/rtorr\/vim-cheat-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GitHub<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/news\/search-with-duckduckgo\/\" \">DuckDuckGo<\/a> users can find it quickly by searching \u201cvim cheat sheet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vimadventures\">VIM Adventures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To learn more about using the VIM text editor, you can try the <a href=\"https:\/\/vim-adventures.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">VIM Adventures<\/a> educational game. The full version requires a paid subscription. However, you can play the free trial in your browser.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"book\">The Linux Command Line Book<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One of our technical support representatives recommended <a href=\"https:\/\/linuxcommand.org\/tlcl.php\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Linux Command Line<\/a> book for it\u2019s Vim coverage. This is just one of many ways to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/blog\/5-free-ways-to-learn-linux\/\">learn Linux<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"jumbotron\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Scalable VPS Infrastructure, Fully Managed<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>When shared hosting can't handle your traffic, VPS delivers dedicated resources that scale with demand. Our team manages the technical complexity while you manage your business.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>NVMe Storage &nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>High-Availability &nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>Ironclad Security &nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>Premium Support<\/p>\r\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-primary btn-lg\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/vps-hosting?mktgp=t&irgwc=1&affiliates=5001860&utm_campaign=Jumbotron&utm_source=supportcenter&utm_medium=cta&utm_term=vps-cta2\">VPS Hosting<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vim is the successor of the vi terminal text editor with a long list of powerful features. Short for \u201cVi IMproved,\u201d Vim is sometimes pre-installed on popular, staple Linux distributions such as CentOS and Debian. For others including Linux Mint, you might instead have the original vi or vim.tiny, a slimmed down variant of Vim<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/ssh\/vim\/\"> Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57014,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4307],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ssh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Powerful Vim Text Editor and Its 5 Modes | InMotion Hosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to use the Vim text editor to view, insert, and replace text along with some useful Vim cheat sheets.\" \/>\n<meta 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