{"id":62777,"date":"2020-10-30T15:30:52","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/?p=62777"},"modified":"2021-08-16T15:29:17","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T19:29:17","slug":"ssh-security-sftp-ubuntu-cloud-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/cloud-server\/ssh-security-sftp-ubuntu-cloud-server\/","title":{"rendered":"Complete SSH Security and SFTP Guide For Ubuntu Cloud Server"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SSH_Security_SFTP_Ubuntu_Cloud_server-1-1024x538.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62813\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SSH_Security_SFTP_Ubuntu_Cloud_server-1-1024x538.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SSH_Security_SFTP_Ubuntu_Cloud_server-1-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SSH_Security_SFTP_Ubuntu_Cloud_server-1-768x403.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SSH_Security_SFTP_Ubuntu_Cloud_server-1.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1360px) 876px, (min-width: 960px) calc(61.58vw + 51px), calc(100vw - 80px)\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\nWhen first purchasing an InMotion Hosting Cloud VPS system, you have a\ndedicated IP address and built-in SSH security.  This means that as\nsoon as your server has been provisioned you can immediately log in\nand start working.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nIn this article, you will learn about the default SSH configuration\nand how you can optionally harden gateways into your server as well as\ntake advantage of secure file transfer (SFTP).\n<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"text-table-of-contents\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#ssh-sec-cloud\">How SSH security works in your Ubuntu Cloud Server<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#local-ssh-keys\">Creating and managing public and private keys<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ssh-service\">Managing the SSH service<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#connect-ftp\">How to connect to SFTP with Filezilla<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"alert alert-danger\">\nBefore reading this article, check out our \n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/ssh\/how-to-create-a-strong-passphrase-for-ssh\/\">full guide on\nhow to create a strong passphrase for SSH<\/a>.  You will need \nthis information in order to properly complete the steps outlined in this article.\n<\/p> \n\n<p class=\"alert alert-info\">SSH access makes your \n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/cloud-vps\">\nCloud VPS<\/a> server easier to manage, \nbut can create security issues.  \nRead on to find out how to mange your\nsecure shell in Ubuntu.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"outline-container-org8108495\" class=\"outline-2\">\n<h2 id=\"ssh-sec-cloud\"><a id=\"org8108495\"><\/a><a id=\"ID-812cad2f-8f45-44d3-b7b3-2b5b52087efb\"><\/a>How SSH Security Works In Your Ubuntu Cloud Server<\/h2>\n<div class=\"outline-text-2\" id=\"text-ssh-sec-cloud\">\n<p>\nYour Ubuntu SSH configuration comes with some attractive default\nsecurity parameters.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"outline-container-orgc36d2f5\" class=\"outline-3\">\n<h3 id=\"no-pass\"><a id=\"orgc36d2f5\"><\/a><a id=\"ID-1cbf7c61-eec0-411c-a1a1-7f03d68958d0\"><\/a>No Password Authentication<\/h3>\n<div class=\"outline-text-3\" id=\"text-no-pass\">\n<p>\nBy default, your cloud server disallows any password authentication.\nThis means you, or any other users you create, cannot log in with a\nusername\/password combination.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nSSH key authentication is required by default.  This latter type of\nauthentication protects your server from brute force password\nattempts.  \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"outline-container-org39e69fd\" class=\"outline-3\">\n<h3 id=\"org39e69fd\"><a id=\"ID-9b8e0a65-340a-419d-bb3c-5bddae4ffc48\"><\/a>The Root User<\/h3>\n<div class=\"outline-text-3\" id=\"text-org39e69fd\">\n<p>\nWhen you first log into your cloud server, you can do so as the root\nuser.\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\nssh root@<span style=\"color:red;\">&lt;hostname, IP address, or domain name&gt;<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n<p>\nThe root user has access to read and write to the entire file system\nhierarchy.  This is the highest level of access.  The root user\nbasically has the power to do anything, so you must exercise caution\nwhen using it.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nThe default SSH configuration permits root login without password but\nwith SSH key authentication instead (<a href=\"#no-pass\">as explained above<\/a>).\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"outline-container-orgc06d337\" class=\"outline-2\">\n<h2 id=\"local-ssh-keys\"><a id=\"orgc06d337\"><\/a><a id=\"ID-6be67815-ec10-457b-98dc-7ae72cdb67a3\"><\/a>Creating and Managing Public and Private Keys<\/h2>\n<div class=\"outline-text-2\" id=\"text-local-ssh-keys\">\n<p>\nPublic\/private key security provides you with advanced cryptographic\nprotection, but the benefits depend on your ability to manage your\nkeys properly.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nIn concept, the key arrangment is simple.  Below, we will show you how\nto create two keys on your local computer: a public key and private\nkey.  The public key is safe to share and place on your server, while\nthe private key must only remain on your local workstation.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nThe following procedure is operating system agnostic.  So whether\nyou\u2019re using Windows, Mac, or a Linux-based operating system, you\nshould be able to open your default terminal app and run the following\ncommands.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nThis command will start the process of generating your keys:\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\nssh-keygen -t dsa\n<\/pre>\nWhen prompted on where to save your key, press <b>Enter<\/b>.  Then provide\na strong passphrase.  Follow any remaining prompts, and your keys will\nbe generated.\n\n\n<p>\nThe keys are saved, by default, in the <code>~\/.ssh<\/code> directory.  This\ndirectory is hidden by default, but while you're on the terminal you\ncan just \"change directory\" into it:\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\ncd ~\/.ssh\n<\/pre>\n\n<p>\nYour keys will be saved as <code>id_dsa<\/code> (private key) and <code>id_dsa.pub<\/code>\n(public key).\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"alert alert-info\">\nSome tutorials will use the RSA encryption algorithm instead of DSA.  \nYou may have your own preference.  If you used RSA, the keys will be appended with\n\"rsa\" instead of \"dsa\" but they will function exactly the same in practice.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"outline-container-orgb2ea455\" class=\"outline-3\">\n<h3 id=\"orgb2ea455\"><a id=\"ID-4504238d-5a57-491b-9819-ad5c3f2c0e1d\"><\/a>Adding Your Keys to Your Server<\/h3>\n<div class=\"outline-text-3\" id=\"text-orgb2ea455\">\n<p>\nAs with other security configurations, you can choose different key\nmanagement options.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nQuick and easy, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/cloud-server\/manage-ssh-keys\/\">add a key to your server from the Account\nManagement Panel (AMP)<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nThis will allow you to log into your server as root.  However, if you\nwant to add other users and upload other keys, you can add additional\nkeys to user accounts with the following command:\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\nssh-copy-id -i ~\/.ssh\/key user@<span style=\"color:red;\">&lt;hostname, IP address, or domain name&gt;<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"outline-container-org7ace053\" class=\"outline-2\">\n<h2 id=\"ssh-service\"><a id=\"org7ace053\"><\/a><a id=\"ID-575cb805-8dcb-42c2-a9cc-a1d4e007d1ee\"><\/a>Managing the SSH Service<\/h2>\n<div class=\"outline-text-2\" id=\"text-ssh-service\">\n<p>\nWhenever you make changes to your SSH configuration you must keep in\nmind that the program is not yet aware of the changes you made.  The\napp needs to be restarted with the new configurations in place.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nThe easiest way to do so is to restart the SSH service itself:\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\nservice sshd restart\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"outline-container-orgc72b8a6\" class=\"outline-2\">\n<h2 id=\"connect-ftp\"><a id=\"orgc72b8a6\"><\/a><a id=\"ID-6db5ec44-9e86-4a02-b50b-08f1b7d07452\"><\/a>How to Connect to SFTP With FileZilla<\/h2>\n<div class=\"outline-text-2\" id=\"text-connect-ftp\">\n<p>\nBy default, FileZilla will not allow direct connections to your Ubuntu\nSFTP server as configured. \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"outline-container-orgcf1d90b\" class=\"outline-3\">\n<h3 id=\"orgcf1d90b\"><a id=\"ID-9d77268e-e68d-46eb-9e47-bbb37838aabd\"><\/a>Configure Your SSH Server For FileZilla SFTP<\/h3>\n<div class=\"outline-text-3\" id=\"text-orgcf1d90b\">\n<p>\nComment out this line in the <code>sshd_config<\/code> file:\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\nSubsystem sftp \/usr\/libexec\/openssh\/sftp-server\n<\/pre>\n\n<p>\nAnd add under it:\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\nSubsystem sftp internal-sftp\n<\/pre>\n\n<p>\nIn order to do this, you must open your <code>sshd_config<\/code> file for editing\nwith your favorite text editor.  In this example, I will use nano:\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\nnano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\n<\/pre>\n\n<p>\nThe resulting lines in your configuration file should look like this:\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\n# Subsystem sftp \/usr\/libexec\/openssh\/sftp-server\nSubsystem sftp internal-sftp\n<\/pre>\n\n<p>\nWhy comment out the line instead of deleting it?  In general, whenever\nyou can avoid deleting your default configurations, you should avoid\nit.  Because if anything breaks, you can easily restore your\nconditions back to where they were.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nAnd, again, restart your SSH service:\n<\/p>\n\n<pre>\nservice sshd restart\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"outline-container-org01d668d\" class=\"outline-3\">\n<h3 id=\"org01d668d\"><a id=\"ID-d35e1f8d-7184-47b0-aba6-4ff25b27006c\"><\/a>Configuring FileZilla for Ubuntu SFTP<\/h3>\n<div class=\"outline-text-3\" id=\"text-org01d668d\">\n<p>\nBefore configuring FileZilla from inside the app, do yourself one\nquick favor and copy your private key from the \".ssh\" directory and\ninto a convenient location; that done, rename the file and append the\n\".pem\" extension.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nFor example, you should have a file that looks something like this:\n<code>my-key.pem<\/code>.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nLater, when adding this key to FileZilla, it will be converted to\na format that FileZilla uses to establish your secure connection.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nAgain, as with SSH logins, you are not going to use passwords.  You\nwill be using your private key, which is more secure.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nNow that you have your key saved in a secure location, open the\nFileZilla app and click on the site manager icon:\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Selection_001_Filezilla_Site_Manager.png\" alt=\"FileZilla site manager\" class=\"wp-image-10329\"><\/figure>\n\n<p>\nClick the <b>New Site<\/b> button to create a new site.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\nFor the new site settings, configure the settings with these\nparameters:\n<\/p>\n\n<dl class=\"org-dl\">\n<dt>Protocol<\/dt><dd>SFTP<\/dd>\n<dt>Host<\/dt><dd>&lt;hostname, IP address, or domain name&gt;<\/dd>\n<dt>Logon type<\/dt><dd>Key file<\/dd>\n<dt>User<\/dt><dd>root<\/dd>\n<dt>Key file<\/dt><dd>&lt;browse for your key file&gt;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Selection_002_Add_New_Site_SFTP_FileZilla_Ubuntu.png\" alt=\"Add new site SFTP FileZilla\" class=\"wp-image-10329\">\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>\nNow, you will be able to select your new site from the site manager\ndropdown:\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Selection_004_ConnectToNewSite_FileZilla_SFTP_Ubuntu.png\" alt=\"Connect to new site in FileZilla SFTP Ubuntu\" class=\"wp-image-10329\">\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>\nContinue to build up your skills with these articles:\n<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"org-ul\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/cloud-server\/secure-cloud-server-hosting\/\">How to Secure Your Cloud Server Hosting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/cloud-server\/how-to-re-os-your-cloud-vps-in-amp\/\">How to Re-OS Your Cloud Server in AMP<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/cloud-server\/manage-my-cloud-vps-server-overview\/\">How to Manage Your Cloud Server<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\nBe sure to let us know below if you have any comments or questions\nor can help improve this article.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When first purchasing an InMotion Hosting Cloud VPS system, you have a dedicated IP address and built-in SSH security. This means that as soon as your server has been provisioned you can immediately log in and start working. In this article, you will learn about the default SSH configuration and how you can optionally harden<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/cloud-server\/ssh-security-sftp-ubuntu-cloud-server\/\"> Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4370],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cloud-server"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Complete SSH Security and SFTP Guide For Ubuntu Cloud Server<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learning how SSH security works in your server, and how you can customize and harden it, puts the power and control of your server in your capable hands.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/cloud-server\/ssh-security-sftp-ubuntu-cloud-server\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Complete SSH Security and SFTP Guide For Ubuntu Cloud Server\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learning how SSH security works in your server, and how you can customize and harden it, puts the power and control of your server in your capable hands.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/cloud-server\/ssh-security-sftp-ubuntu-cloud-server\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"InMotion Hosting Support Center\" 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