{"id":4255,"date":"2017-12-13T18:34:54","date_gmt":"2017-12-13T18:34:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/2017\/12\/13\/the-wordpress-hosting-stack\/"},"modified":"2021-07-21T10:39:16","modified_gmt":"2021-07-21T14:39:16","slug":"the-wordpress-hosting-stack","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/edu\/wordpress\/the-wordpress-hosting-stack\/","title":{"rendered":"The WordPress Hosting Stack"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/The-WordPress-Hosting-Stack-1024x538.png\" alt=\"The WordPress Hosting Stack\" class=\"wp-image-66755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/The-WordPress-Hosting-Stack-1024x538.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/The-WordPress-Hosting-Stack-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/The-WordPress-Hosting-Stack-768x403.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/The-WordPress-Hosting-Stack.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1360px) 876px, (min-width: 960px) calc(61.58vw + 51px), calc(100vw - 80px)\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<p><!-- introduction --><\/p>\n<p>In this article, we will explore each of the components that make up the optimized <strong>WordPress Servers Hosting stack<\/strong>, point out a few potential pitfalls, and explain how each of the components work. Our goal: to get a potential WordPress site owner or webmaster up-to-speed on the important points of this new platform and provide tools to tackle potentially more complex challenges they might later encounter.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-success\" style=\"margin: 20px 0;\">This article applies to WordPress Servers Hosting and our WordPress VPS Hosting stacks.<\/div>\n<p><!-- stack overview --><\/p>\n<h2>WordPress Hosting Stack Overview<\/h2>\n<p>Those already familiar with cPanel, the popular web hosting control panel, will feel right at home. Still at the heart of each server, cPanel allows simple (but powerful) control over everything from email account creation to SSH key management. Site owners can add domains, subdomains, and parked domains via the cPanel interface, and the Apache and NGINX configurations will reflect these changes.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click here to navigate to our article and learn more about NGINX\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/nginx\/what-is-nginx\/\">NGINX<\/a> handles all inbound requests for each website. It checks each incoming request for a match in the domain\u2019s page cache. If it finds a match, the cached page displays for the site visitor. In so doing, the server does not have to run any PHP code or execute MySQL queries, making for a speedy response. When possible, NGINX directly serves static assets (such as CSS, scripts, and images).<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, should NGINX fail to find a cached page matching the request, it passes the request along to Apache and waits for the response. Apache continues to serve as the origin for site content, meaning you can continue to use <code>.htaccess<\/code> files (e.g., permalinks and redirects will work without a problem, in most cases). Next, the server passes page requests along to a PHP-FPM pool allocated for each domain. The <a title=\"Click here to navigate to our guide and learn more about PHP-FPM\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/wordpress-hosting\/php-fpm-wordpress\/\">PHP-FPM<\/a> pool delegates the request to an available worker that executes the actual PHP code (such as WordPress itself). The server then feeds the result back up the chain, and NGINX saves a copy of the response in its cache, speeding up future requests.<\/p>\n<p><!-- overview image --> <a name=\"overview_image\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-info\" style=\"margin: 20px 0;\"><a href=\"\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/wp_stack_ngxdiagram_rev2a_1400.png\" rel=\"lightbox-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"std_ss size-full wp-image-15221 aligncenter\" style=\"margin: 20px; max-width: 650px; max-height: 500px;\" title=\"Wordpress Stack overview\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/wp_stack_ngxdiagram_rev2a_1400.png\" alt=\"Wordpress Stack overview\" width=\"1400\" height=\"875\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/wp_stack_ngxdiagram_rev2a_1400.png 1400w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/wp_stack_ngxdiagram_rev2a_1400-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/wp_stack_ngxdiagram_rev2a_1400-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/wp_stack_ngxdiagram_rev2a_1400-1024x640.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1360px) 876px, (min-width: 960px) calc(61.58vw + 51px), calc(100vw - 80px)\" \/><\/a>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear: both;\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u278a\u00a0 User\u2019s web browser makes request to NGINX to fetch a webpage.<\/li>\n<li>\u278b\u00a0 If NGINX fails to find a cached version of the page, or the page has been excluded from caching, NGINX requests the content from Apache.<\/li>\n<li>\u278c\u00a0 If a PHP script handles a page, Apache sends the request to the domain\u2019s PHP-FPM pool. The PHP-FPM pool takes <code>.htaccess<\/code> rewrites and other rules into account, allowing for the use of \u201cpretty URLs\u201d or permalinks.<\/li>\n<li>\u278d\u00a0 The PHP-FPM pool then dispatches the request to an available worker (or spawns a new worker if one is not available). The worker then executes the PHP code.<\/li>\n<li>\u278e\u00a0 The response travels back up, in reverse, through each of the previous steps, until it returns to the user\u2019s web browser for display.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- nginx --><\/p>\n<h2>NGINX<\/h2>\n<p><em>NGINX<\/em>, a high-performance web server, can completely replace Apache or run alongside it in a <em>reverse-proxy<\/em> configuration. The <strong>WordPress Optimized stack<\/strong> uses the <a title=\"Click here to navigate to our guide and learn more about using NGINX as a reverse-proxy.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/server\/nginx\/nginx-reverse-proxy-edition\/\">reverse-proxy configuration<\/a>, meaning that NGINX requests the actual content from Apache. This configuration allows us to perform full-page caching, as well as serve static content (such as images and stylesheets) directly from NGINX. This results in significant speed increases and limits the number of connections to Apache. In other words, this configuration allows the server to deliver cached and static content to the user very quickly.<\/p>\n<p><!-- nginx\/caching --><\/p>\n<h3>Caching: How it Works<\/h3>\n<p>As mentioned above, when a user visits a page on your website, NGINX first determines whether or not it has a page available in its cache. If so, it checks to see if that page remains valid and has not expired. Note, site owners can control this expiration period via the <a title=\"Click here to navigate to our guide and learn more about the NGINX Cache Manager Plugin for cPanel.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/website\/cache-manager-cpanel\/\">Cache Manager Plugin<\/a>. By default, your site will set the expiration time to 4 hours. If a page does not exist in the cache, or you have identified it to the system as a page that should bypass the cache (like a login or checkout page), then the server sends the request to Apache and PHP-FPM, as illustrated above.<\/p>\n<p>To determine which pages NGINX can cache, it examines the headers returned by the server. By default, NGINX ignores <code>Expires<\/code> and <code>Cache-Control<\/code> headers. Many WordPress pages return a negative cache time, preventing pages from caching effectively. However, the NGINX Cache Controller WordPress plugin can send <code>X-Accel-Expires<\/code> headers, which the server will use to set and enforce cache times for specific pages.<\/p>\n<p>By default, certain pages will never cache \u2014 specifically, pages that send cookies or use PHP sessions. Therefore, where possible, have any cookies or other dynamic content load asynchronously (via <code>admin-ajax.php<\/code>). In the Cache Manager Plugin, you also have the ability to match against cookies sent from the user\u2019s browser. This allows us to bypass the cache for logged in users, or for users who have added an item to their shopping cart on a WooCommerce site, for example.<\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-success\" style=\"margin: 20px 0;\">We recommend using the <a title=\"Click here to navigate to our guide and learn more about NGINX Helper Plugin for WordPress.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/edu\/wordpress\/plugins\/wordpress-nginx-helper-plugin\/\">NGINX Helper<\/a> WordPress plugin to automatically purge cached pages after making changes. This allows the caching layer to work seamlessly with your WordPress installation.<\/div>\n<p><!-- nginx\/clearing cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Clearing the Cache<\/h3>\n<p>When making changes to your site, or troubleshooting a problem, you may benefit from either clearing a single page or purging the entire cache. In either case, you can easily accomplish this via the Cache Manager Plugin. You can also quickly clear a single page from your browser by prepending <code>\/purge<\/code> to the URI portion. You will then see either a <i>Purge Successful<\/i> page, or a <i>404 Not Found<\/i> page (indicating the page did not exist in the cache). The table below lists a few examples:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-bordered table-stripe\" style=\"margin: 20px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>URL<\/th>\n<th>Purge URL<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>https:\/\/example.com\/<\/td>\n<td>https:\/\/example.com<b>\/purge<\/b>\/<\/td>\n<td>Purges the homepage for example.com<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>https:\/\/example.com\/2017\/01\/cool-article<\/td>\n<td>https:\/\/example.com<b>\/purge<\/b>\/2017\/01\/cool-article<\/td>\n<td>Purges the page at <code>\/2017\/01\/cool-article<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"alert alert-success\" style=\"margin: 20px 0;\">Check out our article on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/website\/cache-manager-cpanel\/\">Cache Manager Plugin<\/a> for more details on tweaking cache settings for your site.<\/div>\n<p><!-- php-fpm --><\/p>\n<h2>PHP-FPM<\/h2>\n<p>An optimized PHP handler, <strong>PHP FastCGI Process Manager<\/strong> (<em>PHP-FPM<\/em>) provides high performance and lower latency page execution. It does this by maintaining and adjusting an on-demand pool of <i>workers<\/i> for each domain.<\/p>\n<p>Each PHP-FPM master controls a group of <i>pools<\/i>, with each pool associated with a single domain or virtual host. Each of these pools then handles a group of <i>workers<\/i> \u2014 the processes that handle the actual execution of PHP code. When the server sends a request to a particular FPM pool, the pool delegates the work to an available worker or spawns a new worker if an existing one is not available (with the <i>on-demand<\/i> management type). This allows sites that receive a steady stream of traffic to load quicker, as there will typically be a worker available to handle the request. In addition, this architecture allows the workers to share a common pool of memory, permitting the use of <strong>opcode caching<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- php-fpm\/opcode caching --><\/p>\n<h3>Opcode Caching<\/h3>\n<p>By default, your server enables <strong>Zend OpCache<\/strong>, PHP\u2019s built-in <em>opcode caching<\/em> system, for PHP 5.5 and above. Opcode caching works by storing pre-compiled PHP code, which subsequent visitors can later execute again. This saves significant time, CPU usage, and I\/O, since PHP does not need to re-interpret and re-compile your PHP code on every single execution.<\/p>\n<p><!-- php-fpm\/config --><\/p>\n<h3>PHP Configuration<\/h3>\n<p>When you add a new user or domain, the server uses the default PHP version. If you wish to experiment with a newer PHP version, or if your application requires an older PHP 5.x version, you can manually select these options from the MultiPHP Manager in cPanel. You can also configure custom PHP options via the MultiPHP INI Editor, or by creating a php.ini file.<\/p>\n<p><!-- conclusion --><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>Overall, this new platform should offer significant performance gains for most websites (compared to the previous Apache + suPHP stack). The addition of the Cache Manager Plugin will also allow users to further tweak the performance of their sites, to suit their particular needs.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Learn more from our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/product-guides\/wordpress-hosting\/\">WordPress Hosting Product Guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"jumbotron\">\r\n<p>Say goodbye to slow loading times and hello to high-performance websites with our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/vps-hosting\/wordpress?mktgp=t&irgwc=1&affiliates=5001860&utm_campaign=Jumbotron&utm_source=supportcenter&utm_medium=cta&utm_term=wp-cta2\">WordPress VPS Hosting<\/a> plans. Experience 40x faster WordPress page load speeds on purpose-built servers that guarantee 99.99% uptime.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>High-Performance VPS    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>Premier Care    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>Free SSL &amp; Dedicated IP    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/design.inmotionhosting.com\/assets\/icons\/standard\/check-blue.svg\" alt=\"check mark\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" \/>Advanced Server Caching<\/p>\r\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-primary btn-lg\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/vps-hosting\/wordpress?mktgp=t&irgwc=1&affiliates=5001860&utm_campaign=Jumbotron&utm_source=supportcenter&utm_medium=cta&utm_term=wp-cta2\">Managed WordPress VPS<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article, we will explore each of the components that make up the optimized WordPress Servers Hosting stack, point out a few potential pitfalls, and explain how each of the components work. Our goal: to get a potential WordPress site owner or webmaster up-to-speed on the important points of this new platform and provide<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/edu\/wordpress\/the-wordpress-hosting-stack\/\"> Read More ><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4325,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-wordpress-hosting","category-wordpress"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The WordPress Hosting Stack | InMotion Hosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Interested in how InMotion Hosting Optimized WordPress Stack works? Take a look at how the stack is laid out and a few of the pitfalls to look out for.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inmotionhosting.com\/support\/edu\/wordpress\/the-wordpress-hosting-stack\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The WordPress Hosting Stack | InMotion Hosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Interested in how InMotion Hosting Optimized WordPress Stack works? 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